99 research outputs found
Universal scaling relations for logarithmic-correction exponents
By the early 1960's advances in statistical physics had established the
existence of universality classes for systems with second-order phase
transitions and characterized these by critical exponents which are different
to the classical ones. There followed the discovery of (now famous) scaling
relations between the power-law critical exponents describing second-order
criticality. These scaling relations are of fundamental importance and now form
a cornerstone of statistical mechanics. In certain circumstances, such scaling
behaviour is modified by multiplicative logarithmic corrections. These are also
characterized by critical exponents, analogous to the standard ones. Recently
scaling relations between these logarithmic exponents have been established.
Here, the theories associated with these advances are presented and expanded
and the status of investigations into logarithmic corrections in a variety of
models is reviewed.Comment: Review prepared for the book "Order, Disorder, and Criticality. Vol.
III", ed. by Yu. Holovatch and based on the Ising Lectures in Lviv. 48 pages,
1 figur
Two cultures: "them and us" in the academic world
Impact of academic research onto the non-academic world is of increasing
importance as authorities seek return on public investment. Impact opens new
opportunities for what are known as "professional services": as scientometrical
tools bestow some with confidence they can quantify quality, the impact agenda
brings lay measurements to evaluation of research. This paper is partly
inspired by the famous "two cultures" discussion instigated by C.P. Snow over
60 years ago. He saw a chasm between different academic disciplines and I see a
chasm between academics and professional services, bound into contact through
competing targets. This paper draws on my personal experience and experiences
recounted to me by colleagues in different universities in the UK. It is aimed
at igniting discussions amongst people interested in improving the academic
world and it is intended in a spirit of collaboration and constructiveness. As
a professional services colleague said, what I have to say "needs to be said".
It is my pleasure to submit this paper to the Festschrift devoted to the 60th
birthday of a renowned physicist, my good friend and colleague Ihor Mryglod.
Ihor's role as leader of the Institute for Condensed Matter Physics in Lviv has
been essential to generating some of the impact described in this paper and
forms a key element of the story I wish to tell.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figure
Homotopy in statistical physics
In condensed matter physics and related areas, topological defects play
important roles in phase transitions and critical phenomena. Homotopy theory
facilitates the classification of such topological defects. After a pedagogic
introduction to the mathematical methods involved in topology and homotopy
theory, the role of the latter in a number of mainly low-dimensional
statistical-mechanical systems is outlined. Some recent activities in this area
are reviewed and some possible future directions are discussed.Comment: Significant extensions and updates: 29 pages, 11 figures. Lecture
given at the Mochima Spring School, Mochima, Venezuela, June 2006. To appear
in Cond. Matt. Phy
The Strength of First and Second Order Phase Transitions from Partition Function Zeroes
We present a numerical technique employing the density of partition function
zeroes (i) to distinguish between phase transitions of first and higher order,
(ii) to examine the crossover between such phase transitions and (iii) to
measure the strength of first and second order phase transitions in the form of
latent heat and critical exponents. These techniques are demonstrated in
applications to a number of models for which zeroes are available.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX, 6 postscript figures, accepted for publication in J.
Stat. Phy
Phase transition strengths from the density of partition function zeroes
We report on a new method to extract thermodynamic properties from the
density of partition function zeroes on finite lattices. This allows direct
determination of the order and strength of phase transitions numerically.
Furthermore, it enables efficient distinguishing between first- and
second-order transitions, elucidates crossover between them and illuminates the
origins of finite-size scaling. The power of the method is illustrated in
typical applications for both Fisher and Lee-Yang zeroes.Comment: 3 pages, LaTeX, 4 postscript figures, Lattice2001(spin
New methods to measure phase transition strength
A recently developed technique to determine the order and strength of phase
transitions by extracting the density of partition function zeroes (a
continuous function) from finite-size systems (a discrete data set) is
generalized to systems for which (i) some or all of the zeroes occur in
degenerate sets and/or (ii) they are not confined to a singular line in the
complex plane. The technique is demonstrated by application to the case of free
Wilson fermions.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, Lattice2002(spin
Normalization of peer-evaluation measures of group research quality across academic disciplines
Peer-evaluation based measures of group research quality such as the UK's
Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), which do not employ bibliometric analyses,
cannot directly avail of such methods to normalize research impact across
disciplines. This is seen as a conspicuous flaw of such exercises and calls
have been made to find a remedy. Here a simple, systematic solution is proposed
based upon a mathematical model for the relationship between research quality
and group quantity. This model manifests both the Matthew effect and a
phenomenon akin to the Ringelmann effect and reveals the existence of two
critical masses for each academic discipline: a lower value, below which groups
are vulnerable, and an upper value beyond which the dependency of quality on
quantity reduces and plateaus appear when the critical masses are large. A
possible normalization procedure is then to pitch these plateaus at similar
levels. We examine the consequences of this procedure at RAE for a multitude of
academic disciplines, corresponding to a range of critical masses.Comment: 5 figures, each with 2 panels. To appear in the journal Research
Evaluatio
Finite-size scaling and corrections in the Ising model with Brascamp-Kunz boundary conditions
The Ising model in two dimensions with the special boundary conditions of
Brascamp and Kunz is analysed. Leading and sub-dominant scaling behaviour of
the Fisher zeroes are determined exactly. The finite-size scaling, with
corrections, of the specific heat is determined both at the critical and
pseudocritical points. The shift exponents associated with scaling of the
pseudocritical points are not the same as the inverse correlation length
critical exponent. All corrections to scaling are analytic.Comment: 15 page
Critical phenomena for systems under constraint
It is well known that the imposition of a constraint can transform the properties of critical systems. Early work on this phemomenon by Essam and Garelick, Fisher, and others, focused on the effects of constraints on the leading critical exponents describing phase transitions. Recent work extended these considerations to critical amplitudes and to exponents governing logarithmic corrections in certain marginal scenarios. Here these old and new results are gathered and summarised. The involutory nature of transformations between the critical parameters describing ideal and constrained systems are also discussed, paying particular attention to matters relating to universality
- …